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The term for the accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity is pleural effusion. This condition occurs when excess fluid collects in the pleural space, which is the area between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and the chest cavity. This accumulation can result from various causes, including heart failure, infections, malignancies, or inflammatory diseases.

The importance of recognizing pleural effusion lies in its potential to compress the lungs, leading to respiratory distress and impaired gas exchange. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques like chest X-rays or ultrasound, which can reveal the presence of fluid. Treatment may involve draining the fluid via thoracentesis to relieve pressure and improve respiratory function.

Other terms, while related to thoracic issues, refer to different conditions. Pneumothorax involves the presence of air in the pleural space, which can also lead to lung collapse but is distinct from fluid accumulation. Hydrothorax specifically refers to a type of pleural effusion where the fluid is serous or clear, often linked to systemic issues, but it is not the comprehensive term used to describe fluid buildup in the thoracic cavity in general. Fluid overload more broadly refers to an excess of fluid in the body and can affect various systems, not specifically